Lexikon
Gegenpapst
Papstum: Zeittafel
| Papst | Pontifikat |
| Petrus, Hl. | bis 67? |
| Linus, Hl. | 67–76? |
| Anaklet, Hl. | 76–88? |
| Klemens, Hl. | 88–97? |
| Evaristus, Hl. | 97–105? |
| Alexander I., Hl. | 105–115? |
| Sixtus I., Hl. | 115–125? |
| Telesphorus, Hl. | 125–138? |
| Hyginus, Hl. | 136/138–140/142 |
| Pius I., Hl. | um 142–155? |
| Aniketos, Hl | 155–166? |
| Soter, Hl. | 166–174? |
| Eleutherus, Hl. | 175–189? |
| Viktor I., Hl. | 189–198? |
| Zephyrinus, Hl. | 198/199–217 |
| Kalixt I., Hl. | 217–222 |
| (Hippolytos, Hl. | 217–235) |
| Urban I., Hl. | 222–230 |
| Pontianus. Hl. | 230–235 |
| Anteros, Hl. | 235–236 |
| Fabianus, Hl. | 236–250 |
| Cornelius, Hl. | 251–253 |
| (Novatian | 251) |
| Lucius I., Hl. | 253–254 |
| Stephan I., Hl. | 254–257 |
| Sixtus II., Hl. | 257–258 |
| Dionysius, Hl. | 259–268 |
| Felix I., Hl. | 269–274 |
| Eutychianus, Hl. | 275–283 |
| Cajus, Hl. | 283–296 |
| Marcellinus, Hl. | 296–304 |
| Marcellus I., Hl. | 308–309 |
| Eusebius, Hl. | 309 |
| Miltiades, Hl. | 311–314 |
| Silvester I., Hl. | 314–335 |
| Markus, Hl. | 336 |
| Julius I., Hl. | 337–352 |
| Liberius | 352–366 |
| (Felix II. | 355–358) |
| Damasus I., Hl. | 366–374 |
| (Ursinius | 366–367) |
| Siricius, Hl. | 384–399 |
| Anastasius I., Hl. | 399–402 |
| Innozenz I., Hl. | 402–417 |
| Zosimus | 417–418 |
| Bonifatius I., Hl. | 418–422 |
| (Eulalius | 418–419 |
| Cölestin I., Hl. | 422–432 |
| Sixtus III., Hl. | 432–440 |
| Leo I., Hl. | 440–461 |
| Hilarus, Hl. | 461–468 |
| Simplicius, Hl. | 468–483 |
| Felix III. (II.), Hl. | 483–492 |
| Gelasius I., Hl. | 492–496 |
| Anastasius II. | 496–498 |
| Symmachus, Hl. | 498–514 |
| (Laurentius | 498, 501–506) |
| Hormisdas, Hl. | 514–523 |
| Johannes I., Hl. | 523–526 |
| Felix IV.(III.), Hl. | 526–530 |
| Bonifatius II. | 530–532 |
| (Dioscurus | 530) |
| Johannes II. | 533–535 |
| Agapetus I., Hl. | 535–536 |
| Silverius, Hl. | 536–537 |
| Vigilius | 537–555 |
| Pelagius I. | 556–561 |
| Johannes III. | 561–574 |
| Benedikt I. | 575–579 |
| Pelagius II. | 579–590 |
| Gregor I. Hl. | 590–604 |
| Sabinianus | 604–606 |
| Bonifatius III. | 607 |
| Bonifatius IV., Hl. | 608–615 |
| Deusdedit, Hl. | 615–618 |
| Bonifatius V. | 619–625 |
| Honorius I. | 625–638 |
| Sevrinus | 640 |
| Johannes IV. | 640–642 |
| Theodor I. | 642–649 |
| Martin I., Hl. | 649–653 |
| Eugen I., Hl. | 654–657 |
| Vitalian, Hl. | 657–672 |
| Adeodatus II. | 672–676 |
| Donus | 676–678 |
| Agatho, Hl. | 678–681 |
| Leo II., Hl. | 682–683 |
| Benedikt II., Hl. | 684–685 |
| Johannes V. | 685–686 |
| Konon | 686–687 |
| (Theodor | 687) |
| (Paschalis | 687) |
| Sergius I., Hl. | 687–701 |
| Johannes VI. | 701–705 |
| Johannes VII. | 705–707 |
| Sisinnius | 708 |
| Konstantin I. | 708–715 |
| Gregor II., Hl. | 715–731 |
| Gregor III., Hl. | 731–741 |
| Zacharias, Hl. | 741–752 |
| Stephan II. | 752–757 |
| Paul I., Hl | 757–767 |
| (Konstantin II. | 767–768) |
| (Philippus | 768) |
| Stephan III | 768–772 |
| Hadrian I. | 772–795 |
| Leo III., Hl. | 795–816 |
| Stephan IV. | 816–817 |
| Paschalis I., Hl. | 817–824 |
| Eugen II. | 824–827 |
| Valentin | 827 |
| Gregor IV. | 827–844 |
| (Johannes | 844) |
| Sergius II. | 844–847 |
| Leo IV., Hl. | 847–855 |
| Benedikt III. | 855–858 |
| (Anastasius III. | 855) |
| Nikolaus I., Hl. | 858–867 |
| Hadrian II. | 867–872 |
| Johannes VIII. | 872–882 |
| Marinus I. | 882–884 |
| Hadrian III., Hl. | 884–885 |
| Stephan V. | 885–891 |
| Formosus | 891–896 |
| Bonifatius VI. | 896 |
| Stephan VI. | 896–897 |
| Romanus | 897 |
| Theodor II. | 897 |
| Johannes IX. | 898–900 |
| Benedikt IV. | 900–903 |
| Leo V. | 903 |
| (Christophorus | 903–904) |
| Sergius III. | 904–911 |
| Anastasius III. | 911–913 |
| Lando | 913–914 |
| Johannes X. | 914–928 |
| Leo VI. | 928 |
| Stephan VII. | 928–931 |
| Johannes XI. | 931–935 |
| Leo VII. | 936–939 |
| Stephan VIII. | 939–942 |
| Marinus II. | 942–946 |
| Agapetus II. | 946–955 |
| Johannes XII. | 955–964 |
| Leo VIII. | 963–965 |
| Benedikt V. | 964 |
| Johannes XIII. | 965–972 |
| Benedikt VI. | 973–974 |
| (Bonifatius VII. | 974, 984–985) |
| Benedikt VII. | 974–983 |
| Johannes XIV. | 983–984 |
| Johannes XV. | 985–996 |
| Gregor V. | 996–999 |
| (Johannes XVI. | 997–998) |
| Silvester II. | 999–1003 |
| Johannes XVII. | 1003 |
| Johannes XVIII. | 1004–1009 |
| Sergius IV. | 1009–1012 |
| Benedikt VIII. | 1012–1024 |
| (Gregor | 1012) |
| Johannes XIX. | 1024–1032 |
| Benedikt IX. | 1032–1044 |
| Silvester III. | 1045 |
| Benedikt IX. (zum zweiten Mal) | 1045 |
| Gregor VI. | 1045–1046 |
| Klemens II. | 1046–1047 |
| Benedikt IX. (zum dritten Mal) | 1047–1048 |
| Damasus II. | 1048 |
| Leo IX., Hl. | 1049–1054 |
| Viktor II. | 1055–1057 |
| Stephan IX. | 1057–1058 |
| (Benedikt X. | 1058–1059) |
| Nikolaus II. | 1058–1061 |
| Alexander II. | 1061–1073 |
| (Honorius II. | 1061–1064) |
| Gregor VII., Hl. | 1073–1085 |
| (Klemens III. | 1080, 1084–1098) |
| Viktor III., Sel. | 1086–1087 |
| Urban II., Sel. | 1088–1099 |
| Paschalis II. | 1099–1118 |
| (Theoderich | 1100) |
| (Albert | 1102) |
| (Silvester IV. | 1105–1111) |
| Gelasius II. | 1118–1119 |
| (Gregor VIII. | 1118–1121) |
| Kalixt II. | 1119–1124 |
| Honorius II. | 1124–1130 |
| (Cölestin II. | 1124) |
| Innozenz II. | 1130–1143 |
| (Anaklet II. | 1130–1138) |
| (Viktor IV. | 1138) |
| Cölestin II. | 1143–1144 |
| Lucius II. | 1144–1145 |
| Eugen III., Sel. | 1145–1153 |
| Anastasius IV. | 1153–1154 |
| Hadrian IV. | 1154–1159 |
| Alexander III. | 1159–1181 |
| (Viktor IV. | 1159–1164) |
| (Paschalis III. | 1164–1168) |
| (Kalixt III. | 1168–1178) |
| (Innozenz III. | 1179–1180) |
| Lucius III. | 1181–1185 |
| Urban III. | 1185–1187 |
| Gregor VIII. | 1187 |
| Klemens III. | 1187–1191 |
| Cölestin III. | 1191–1198 |
| Innozenz III. | 1198–1216 |
| Honorius III. | 1216–1227 |
| Gregor IX. | 1227–1241 |
| Cölestin IV. | 1241 |
| Innozenz IV. | 1243–1254 |
| Alexander IV. | 1254–1261 |
| Urban IV. | 1261–1264 |
| Klemens IV. | 1265–1268 |
| Gregor X., Sel. | 1271–1276 |
| Innozenz V., Sel. | 1276 |
| Hadrian V. | 1276 |
| Johannes XXI. | 1276–1277 |
| Nikolaus III. | 1277–1280 |
| Martin IV. | 1281–1285 |
| Honorius IV. | 1285–1287 |
| Nikolaus IV. | 1288–1292 |
| Cölestin V., Hl. | 1294 |
| Bonifatius VIII. | 1294–1303 |
| Benedikt XI., Sel. | 1303–1304 |
| Klemens V. | 1305–1314 |
| Johannes XXII. | 1316–1334 |
| (Nikolaus V. | 1328–1330) |
| Benedikt XII. | 1334–1342 |
| Klemens VI. | 1342–1352 |
| Innozenz VI. | 1352–1362 |
| Urban V., Sel. | 1362–1370 |
| Gregor XI. | 1370–1378 |
| Urban VI. | 1378–1389 |
| (Klemens VII. | 1378–1394) |
| Bonifatius IX. | 1389–1404 |
| (Benedikt XIII. | 1394–1417) |
| Innozenz VII. | 1404–1406 |
| Gregor XII. | 1406–1415 |
| (Alexander V. | 1409–1410) |
| (Johannes XXIII. | 1410–1415) |
| Martin V. | 1417–1431 |
| Eugen IV. | 1431–1447 |
| (Felix V. | 1440–1449) |
| Nikolaus V. | 1447–1455 |
| Kalixt III. | 1455–1458 |
| Pius II. | 1458–1464 |
| Paul II. | 1464–1471 |
| Sixtus IV. | 1471–1484 |
| Innozenz VIII. | 1484–1492 |
| Alexander VI. | 1492–1503 |
| Pius III. | 1503 |
| Julius II. | 1503–1513 |
| Leo X. | 1513–1521 |
| Hadrian VI. | 1522–1523 |
| Klemens VII. | 1523–1534 |
| Paul III. | 1534–1549 |
| Julius III. | 1550–1555 |
| Marcellus II. | 1555 |
| Paul IV. | 1555–1559 |
| Pius IV. | 1559–1565 |
| Pius V., Hl. | 1566–1572 |
| Gregor XIII. | 1572–1585 |
| Sixtus V. | 1585–1590 |
| Urban VII. | 1590 |
| Gregor XIV. | 1590–1591 |
| Innozenz IX. | 1591 |
| Klemens VIII. | 1592–1605 |
| Leo XI. | 1605 |
| Paul V. | 1605–1621 |
| Gregor XV. | 1621–1623 |
| Urban VIII. | 1623–1644 |
| Innozenz X. | 1644–1655 |
| Alexander VII. | 1655–1667 |
| Klemens IX. | 1667–1669 |
| Klemens X. | 1670–1676 |
| Innozenz XI., Sel. | 1676–1689 |
| Alexander VIII. | 1689–1691 |
| Innozenz XII. | 1691–1700 |
| Klemens XI. | 1700–1721 |
| Innozenz XIII. | 1721–1724 |
| Benedikt XIII. | 1724–1730 |
| Klemens XII. | 1730–1740 |
| Benedikt XIV. | 1740–1758 |
| Klemens XIII. | 1758–1769 |
| Klemens XIV. | 1769–1774 |
| Pius VI. | 1775–1799 |
| Pius VII. | 1800–1823 |
| Leo XII. | 1823–1829 |
| Pius VIII. | 1829–1830 |
| Gregor XVI. | 1831–1846 |
| Pius IX. | 1846–1878 |
| Leo XIII. | 1878–1903 |
| Pius X., Hl. | 1903–1914 |
| Benedikt XV. | 1914–1922 |
| Pius XI. | 1922–1939 |
| Pius XII. | 1939–1958 |
| Johannes XXIII. | 1958–1963 |
| Paul VI. | 1963–1978 |
| Johannes Paul I. | 1978 |
| Johannes Paul II. | 1978–2005 |
| Benedikt XVI. | 2005–2013 |
| Franziskus I. | seit 2013 |
| Die Fragezeichen nach den Regierungsjahren der ersten Päpste zeigen an, dass die Regierungszeit nicht eindeutig feststeht. Die Namen der Gegenpäpste sind in Klammern gesetzt. Hl. = Heiliger; Sel. = Seliger | |
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